Coastal & Wetland Systems

Coastal dunes are dynamic systems that require stabilisation approaches respecting natural sand movement. Marram grass planting, sand fencing, and managed dune restoration require understanding of coastal geomorphology and wind patterns.

Coastal and estuarine environments demand halophyte species and salt-tolerant establishment techniques. Standard revegetation approaches fail in saline conditions — specialised knowledge of salt dynamics and adapted species is essential.

Degraded peatlands represent both ecological loss and carbon emission sources. Restoration requires rewetting, Sphagnum reintroduction, and management approaches that rebuild peat-forming conditions over extended timeframes.